Ten pruning techniques for garden seedlings......

1. Wipe buds
After the seedlings are transplanted to the stem or grafted seedlings, a lot of sprouts will germinate. In order to cultivate a straight trunk, it is necessary to erase the excess sprouts on the trunk to promote the growth of the remaining branches and facilitate the cultivation of good trunks and branches to form an ideal Tree shape. If large seedlings of poplar and willow trees are to be cultivated, excess sprouts on the main stems need to be wiped out.
After the deciduous shrubs are set to dry, they will grow a lot of buds at the fixed stem position. When wiping the buds, you should mainly choose the number and angle of the main branch buds, as well as the spatial position, and then erase all the buds. The wiping of buds should be done in early spring, and must be wiped off in time when the buds are in the state, so that no wounds will be left on the trunk.
    2. In addition to sprouting tillers
That is, the sprouting shoots produced near the base of the trunk or the sprouting tillers on the rootstock are removed. Tiller removal is one of the important measures for the management of grafted seedlings. It can centrally supply nutrients to the remaining branches or dig ears. In the management of grafted seedlings, tillering can prevent the rootstock and scion from competing for nutrients and competing for space. Such as the cultivation of grafted elm, locust tree locust, etc., we must promptly remove tillers to promote the rapid growth of scion. Tiller removal should be carried out in early spring, and it must be wiped off in time when it is in the budding state, leaving no wounds on the trunk.
    Three. Topping
Topping is to remove the top buds of the branches. In the growth process of seedlings, when the shape of the crown is affected by the unbalanced growth of the branches, the strong branches can be topped to control the growth to adjust the growth of the main branches of the crown to meet the requirements of a balanced and full crown. In order to have more lateral branches, expand the crown of the tree should be topped when the new shoots are prosperous.
Four. Clipping
Clipping is cutting off part of the new shoots that were born in the year. For example, when cultivating elm ball, water wax ball, large leaf boxwood ball, small leaf boxwood ball and other large seedlings, the seedlings should be cut 4 to 5 times a year during the growing season to promote multiple lateral branches and form plump tree balls.
    5. Short cut
Short cut refers to cutting off a part of the branches, which can stimulate the germination of buds below the cut mouth. Short cuts are divided into light short cuts, medium short cuts, heavy short cuts, very heavy short cuts and retraction.
    01, light short cut
Cut off 1/5~1/4 of the full length of the branches to stimulate the germination of most semi-full buds below the cut, disperse the nutrients of the branches, and promote the production of a large number of short branches. These short branches generally grow moderately, stop growing early, and accumulate sufficient nutrients, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds. It is mostly used for pruning strong branches of flower and fruit plants.
    02, short cut
Cut under the full buds, and cut off 1/3~1/2 of the full length of the branches. In this way, the top advantage is transferred to the cutting bud, which makes it develop and grow vigorously. It is often used to rejuvenate weak branches and cultivate extended branches or backbone branches.
   03, heavy short cut
Cut off the plump buds and cut off 1/2~4/5 of the full length of the branches to promote vigorous nutritious branches. It is mostly used for the rejuvenation of weak trees and weak branches.
  04, extremely heavy short cut
At the base of the spring shoots, only 1 to 2 unsatisfied buds are left, and the rest are cut off, and 1 to 2 weak branches germinate. It is mostly used for competing branch processing or reducing branch position.
The above short cut method can be comprehensively applied in production practice. Such as green peach, yuyemei, purple leaf plum, purple leaf green peach, etc., the main branch of the branch should be medium short, the side branch should be light short, and the inner bore of the open-hearted seedling should be heavy or very heavy. The weeping seedlings, such as Sophora japonicus, weeping bi peach, and weeping elm, have drooping branches. They are often cut short, leaving buds on the back as cut buds, which can expand the crown.
    05, retraction
Part of the perennial branch is about to be cut off. The lower part of some perennial branches is bare. Retraction pruning techniques are used to stimulate the branches of the bare parts to change the overall tree shape. This method is often used for plastic surgery of flowering shrubs.
    Six. Thinning
The branch or branch group is cut from the base and called thin branch, which is used to thin out dead branches, diseased branches, excessively dense branches, long branches, competing branches, hanging branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, etc. Thinning branches can make the retained branches obtain more nutrients, water and space, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, increase the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves, make the trees grow stronger, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. For the pruning of spherical trees, the branches are often densely grown due to short-cut pruning, resulting in too many dead branches, too dense branches, and bare-leg branches in the crown. Therefore, it must be used alternately with sparse branches. In order to increase the height of conifers, old branches and weak branches close to the ground can be thinned out to increase the ornamental value.
   Seven. Change of direction
The method of changing the growth direction of the branches and controlling the growth potential of the branches is called changing direction. For example, coniferous species such as spruce and Chinese pine, if there are damaged or missing branches in the crown, the method of pulling the branches on both sides to the missing branches can be used to make up for the defects of the original crown. Changing direction is often used for plant modeling.
Shaping and pruning should be done from top to bottom, from outside to inside, from rough cut to fine cut, to avoid cut deviation, cut baldness, and cut disorderly. Before building, observe the tree structure from multiple angles, consider the backbone branches of each level to be retained, and then thin out parallel branches, overlapping branches, upright branches, competing branches, etc., to make the crown structure symbol cultivation requirements.